WASP IV 64 Bit
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The most informative results are presented in Table 2. Overall, we found 32 genes that were highly expressed during development of the Q. robur - B. pallida gall system. Genes that are upregulated during the final stages of galls formation are given in italics. Fungal proteins are indicated by an asterisk ( * ). Quoted gene descriptions are based on similarity searches against the SOL Genomics Network database (http://solgenomics.net). Most candidate effectors belong to putative secretory peptides with predicted signal peptides; in a few cases the signal peptide is highly conserved and absent from the predicted mature protein product, and a classical transmembrane domain is present downstream of the predicted signal peptide. For more details about effector prediction programs, see Methods.
We compared these candidate effectors with those previously reported in the literature. There is some evidence of functional conservation with genes known from B. vulgaris, although the reported functions of some of the genes could be confirmed, while others probably do not play a role in gall formation. We discuss specific examples in more detail below.
We then used data from other genera that induce acorn galls to ask whether gall-inducing cynipids were expressing allergens that might also be involved in a venom allergy. Consequently, we also looked for candidate venom allergens. Venom allergen tree and gallwasp allergens can be difficult to distinguish, since they share some similar proteins. However, using information provided by our thorough functional annotation of the gallwasp Sequencing and Assembly Project (WASP; http://wasp.nothankyou.org), we identified nine of the 10 best venom allergens known in honey bee venom, including those recently identified as allergens in Cochliomyia macellaria, the Brazilian eyeground blister fly [13]. Contrary to what we expected, none of the gallwasp candidate venom allergens were expressed in the data set from the gallwasp sequencing project. However, two major allergens in Cochliomyia (abd-A and apis). Video clips of the native venom gland of C. macellaria are available in the supplementary material, S5.2. d2c66b5586