Arabic Calligraphy
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Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خط), derived from the word 'line', 'design', or 'construction'.[1][2] Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.
From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development. In fact, it has been linked in the Arabic culture to various fields such as religion, art, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in return have played an important role in its advancement.[3]
Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic or other Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, have made use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic calligraphy in Persian or the historic Ottoman language.
The pens used for Arabic calligraphy vary from Latin calligraphy. The tools used for calligraphy are different assortments of pens and calligraphy ink. The most common calligraphy pen used is Qalam.[5]
The two most popular scripts used for Arabic calligraphy are Kufic and Naskh. Kūfic was derived from Iraq and initially used for inscription on stone and metal. Naskhī originated from Mecca and Medina. The script is used as a cursive script, for example on papyrus and paper.
The Hurufiyya (الحروفية letters) movement, since its beginnings in the early 20th century, uses the artistic manipulation of Arabic calligraphy and typography in abstraction.[10]
Taking Shape: Abstraction From the Arab World, 1950s-1980s, a 2020 installation at New York University's Grey Art Gallery, explored how Arabic calligraphy, with its ancient presence in visual art, influenced abstract art in the Arab world.[11] For Madiha Omar, the Arabic alphabet was a means of expressing a secular identity and appropriating Western painting, while Omar El-Nagdi explored the inherent divinity of Arabic calligraphy.[11]
Well, understanding the history of each script and how Arabic calligraphy evolved over the history of the Islamic Empire can expand our visual experience beyond the beautiful glyphs and forms. Some scripts reflect the time period in which they developed, such as the Musand script, which emerged at an early stage in the history of Arabic calligraphy. Others provide geographical insight into where the artwork was developed, such as the Maghribi script, which distinguishes the artwork and inscriptions of northwest Africa.
Arabic calligraphy has developed for over 14 centuries in various regions around the world. This history and diversity has enriched Arabic scripts with ever more complex and artistic forms. During this long period, the Baghdadi and Ottoman eras contributed the most to its development.
Arabic calligraphy is still today one of the most widely acknowledged arts and continues to develop both in traditional methods as well as in digital and computer-generated arts. Arabic calligraphers from around the world continue to develop their own styles and artwork based on existing scripts and their own letters and scripts. Free modern scripts contribute to the art just as much as traditional scripts have done.
The writing style of Arabic calligraphy, which you may recognise from logos of Arab brands such as Al Jazeera, is a centuries-old art form with a storied history.Known for its fluid, curved script, and mostly handwritten using coloured ink on thick card or paper, calligraphy forms a significant part of the cultural heritage of the Middle East, where students spend years learning from elders to master the highly-respected skill.
Naskh, which in Arabic means \"to copy\", is a rounded and flowing form of calligraphy that is mostly used for transcribing the Quran and other Islamic scripts, as well as literary and cultural manuscripts.
He noted that Arabic calligraphy evolved with Islamic civilization and played an important role in it, not only as a means of understanding and transfer of ideas, but as an art with its high aesthetic characteristics and values.\"
Welcome to Arabic Calligraphy Design. I practice traditional and \\ncontemporary Arabic calligraphy, and do custom calligraphy for tattoos, design work, and original pieces. All my work is hand-written, I do not use computer \\nfonts in my designs. To get started, have a look at the Styles page to see some of the different styles I normally work in, or if you\\u2019re interested in a tattoo, click the Tattoos\\n page. When you\\u2019re ready, send me an email at \\narabic.calligrapher@gmail.com, and we can work together on what you\\u2019d \\nlike designed.
We import pens, inks, papers and other supplies required for Arabic and Islamic calligraphy directly from the Middle East. We are the first and only supplier of calligraphy tools specific to Islamic calligraphy in North America.
French-Tunisian artist eL Seed blends the historic art of Arabic calligraphy with graffti to portray messages of beauty, poetry and peace around the world. His goal is to create dialogue and promote tolerance as well as change global perceptions of Arabic culture.
Soon artists were exploring the potential of the letter in all aspects of modern art. The Pakistani painter Ismail Gulgee (1926-2007) revealed the dynamism of Huroufiyah in his action paintings, the Modernist Jamil Hamoudi (1924-2003) recognised its potential for Surrealist wordplay and Cubist abstraction, and the Iraqi artist Dia al-Azzawi (b. 1939) experimented with the graphic possibilities of calligraphy in poster design.
Some saw Huroufiyah as a pan-Arabist art movement that could unite the Islamic world in the wake of colonialism; others, notably the painter Shakir Hassan Al Said (1925-2004), still held onto the spiritual, meditative qualities of calligraphy. Al Said wrote in his 1973 manifesto One Dimension that the act of calligraphy was an almost existential experience that brought the creator closer to God.
Arabic calligraphy is a genuine Islamic and Arabic art. It is, no doubt, the most important element of the Arabic legacy, as it is the pot wherein all Arab cultures, over succeeding generations, are merging to come up with such eternal heritage.(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle []).push({});
Its forms, however, differ, as Arabic calligraphy has surpassed the end of writing process itself to reach eternity in terms of design and styles; further becoming one of the outstanding features of Islamic arts, constituting the common denominator for all Arab and Islamic arts, either they were taking shapes of fixed buildings or mobile antiques. It was, also, used in photographing and mosques decorating, as there is not one Arab monument void of Arabic calligraphy art tang.
There emerged a difference between the process of writing itself and the art of writing, as the first is the way of conveying ideas and the second is the medium for feelings, emotions and sentiments. The art of Arabic calligraphy, anyway, was developed over ages to become spiritual engineering by means of a writing tool. History & origin.
Theories that fathom the evolving of Arabic calligraphy are too many. Yet, the origin of Arabic calligraphy and its history are still not definite. Researchers, however, have realized that the Arabs, in old times, were not knowledgeable of calligraphy until they interacted with urbanities who considered calligraphy of social necessity. This happened as Arabs resided the remote areas surrounding the Arab Peninsula. When the Roman Empire got weaker Arabs' position improved, as they settled in the south of Hegaz (Saudi Arabia) and Aqaba Gulf. They had geographical and political entity, the most important among that was a kingdom known as AlNabat in Jordan.
Arabs, then, derived one of Aramic calligraphies using it but keeping their own Arabic language. So, it became clear that Arabic calligraphy has undergone three phases: First, Aramic calligraphy which tends to squaring. Second, Napty calligraphy, and then came the stage of maturity with the presence of Arabic letters which tend to take circular shapes.
Arabic calligraphy developing did not stop at this limit, but it was further enhanced. At the very outset, letters had no dots but during Abbasside era, dots and punctuation marks were developed, as Arabic calligraphy was spread when Islam prevailed simply because it became the main instrument of the Islamic religion. Learning Arabic be, came quite related to religious aspect, the matter which finally led to its speedy outspread as a language.
Accordingly, Arabic calligraphy became the common grounds for developing both Arabic and Islamic arts. Arabs have mastered making ink of natural substances, as they used seeds of yam and glue. The black color was preferred but there were other colors: red, blue, green, brown, purple and ruby. Sometimes, fragrances were to be added to give ink good smell. 781b155fdc